What is 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G technology?

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1G - First Generation
  • Cell phones began with 1G technology in the 1980s.
  • 1G is the first generation of wireless cellular technology. 1G supports voice only calls.
  • 1G is analog technology, and the phones using it had poor battery life and voice quality, little security, and were prone to dropped calls.
  • The maximum speed of 1G technology is 2.4 Kbps.
2G - Second Generation
  • Cell phones received their first major upgrade when their technology went from 1G to 2G. This leap took place in Finland in 1991 on GSM networks and effectively took cell phones from analog to digital communications.
  • The 2G telephone technology introduced call and text encryption, along with data services such as SMS, picture messages, and MMS.
  • Although 2G replaced 1G and is superseded by later technology versions, it's still used around the world.
  • The maximum speed of 2G with General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is 50 Kbps. The speed is 1 Mbps with Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). Before making the major leap from 2G to 3G wireless networks, the lesser-known 2.5G and 2.75G was an interim standard that bridged the gap.
3G - Third Generation
  • This generation set the standards for most of the wireless technology we have come to know and love. Web browsing, email, video downloading, picture sharing and other Smartphone technology were introduced in the third generation.
  • Introduced commercially in 2001, the goals set out for third generation mobile communication were to facilitate greater voice and data capacity, support a wider range of applications, and increase data transmission at a lower cost .
  • The maximum speed of 3G is estimated to be around 2 Mbps and mobile speeds of 384kbps for a "true" 3G. The theoretical max speed for HSPA+ is 21.6 Mbps.
4G - Fourth Generation
  • The fourth generation of networking, which was released in 2008, is 4G. It supports mobile web access like 3G does and also gaming services, HD mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D TV, and other features that demand high speeds.
  • The max speed of a 4G network when the device is moving is 100 Mbps. The speed is 1 Gbps for low-mobility communication such as when the caller is stationary or walking.
  • Most current cell phone models support both 4G and 3G technologies.
5G - Fifth Generation
  • 5G is a generation currently under development , that's intended to improve on 4G.
  • 5G promises significantly faster data rates, higher connection density, much lower latency, among other improvements.
  • Some of the plans for 5G include device-to-device communication, better battery consumption, and improved overall wireless coverage.
  • The max speed of 5G is aimed at being as fast as 35.46 Gbps , which is over 35 times faster than 4G.

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